Biotechnology Opportunities In Canada Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

The Canada has witnessed extraordinary progresss in scientific discipline over the last few decennaries. Biotechnology – one such country of growing – is a term covering a wide scope of scientific activities used in many sectors, such as nutrient, wellness and agribusiness. It involves the usage of life beings or parts of life beings to supply new methods of production and the devising of new merchandise, because Canada is an industrial state with a extremely developed scientific discipline and engineering sector. We will write a custom essay sample on Biotechnology Opportunities In Canada Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Almost 1.88 % of Canada ‘s GDP is allocated to research A ; development ( R A ; D ) . The state has 18 Nobel laureates in natural philosophies, chemical science and medical specialty. Canada has a wealth of natural resources, which can be subjugated by biotechnology. These resources range from the Northern Canada to immense measures of cultivable land. Opportunities exist for biotechnology to use these resources in countries such as health care, agribusiness and biofuels. The use of biotechnology in this manner has vast socio-economic benefits for the state and may restrain its growing for several old ages to come. The expansive sum of the annual optimistic economic influence of renewable fuels is $ 2.013 billion. In Canada that there was chief net income from renewable fuels in â€Å" rural revival, improved oil exports from western Canada, industrial growing, and cherished option for re-balancing fuel ‘mix ‘ . Canada is a state rich in natural resources of several different signifiers, assortments from the northern Canada to its immense country of arable land with significant mineral resources. There are assorted chances for the use of biotechnology to utilize these resources on together big with little graduated tables. The usage of GM harvests may be used in the bally agribusiness industry to better output with lessening the require for weedkillers, even as on the minor graduated table, canola oil is a promising resource for developing biodiesel, a renewable replacement to fossil fuels in Canada. Canada is one of the some developed states that are exporters of energy. Atlantic Canada has immense offshore sedimentations of natural gas, with Alberta has large oil and gas resources. The tremendous Athabasca Oil Sands provide Canada the universe ‘s 2nd largest oil militias, after Saudi Arabia. The Canadian economic system is conquered by the industries, which employ about 3 quarters of Canadians. Canada is uneven between developed states in the significance of its primary sector, in which the logging with crude oil industries are two of the mainly important. Canada is one of the universe ‘s chief providers of agricultural output ; the Canadian Prairies are one of the chiefly of import manufacturers of wheat, canola, and excess grains. Canada is the chief manufacturer of Zn and U, besides is a planetary resource of legion other natural resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminium, with lead. Numerous towns in northern Canada, where agribusiness is tough, are sustainable as of nearby mines or resource of lumber. Agribusiness Canadian farms, piscaries with spreads produce a wide diverseness of harvests, farm animal, nutrient, provender, fibre, fuel plus other goods by the orderly elevation of workss and animate beings which are dependent upon the geographics of the state. In 2001 farms numbered merely 246,923 at a size of 676A estates ( 2.74A kmA? ) as the production of nutrient and fibre for human or farm animal nutriment has evolved into intensive and industrial patterns. As of 2002, wheat constituted the largest harvest country at 12.6 % . Canadian husbandmans received a record $ 36.3 billion in 2001 from farm animal, harvest gross revenues and plan payments. In 2001, the accumulated net income of farm operators from farm production amounted to 1,633 million dollars, which amounts to 0.147 % of Canada ‘s gross domestic merchandise at market monetary values, which is 1,108,200 million dollars. Fisheries are besides playing an of import function while forestry plays a secondary function. Canada â⠂¬Ëœs development has abandoned subsistence techniques and now sees a mere 3 % of Canada ‘s population employed as a mechanised industrial husbandman who are able provender the remainder of the state ‘s population of 30,689.0 thousand people ( 2001 ) every bit good as export to foreign markets. ( After the EU ( 27 ) , the U.S. and Brazil, Canada accounts for 3.5 % of entire universe agribusiness and agri-food exports. World Agricultural and Agri-food Export Share by Country of Origin, 2006 Once considered a sphere harvest in Canada, canola ( Brassica Tragulus Javanicus ) has presently evolved into a first hard currency harvest. Per annum, Canada exports 3.4 million metric dozenss of seeds, 706,000 dozenss of canola oil with 1.15 million dozenss of canola repast ( Source-Canola Council of Canada 2008 ) The Production with Price influence of Biotech Corn, Canola, plus Soybean Crops in Biotech harvests have at this clip been adult commercially on a considerable worldwide graduated table of all time since 1996 in Canada. There is a survey traveling on the influence on cosmopolitan production, ingestion, trade, and monetary values in the soya bean, canola, and maize sectors. The survey propose that universe monetary values of maize, soya beans, with canola would most probably be, correspondingly, 5.8 % , 9.6 % , plus 3.8 % higher, on norm, than 2007 baseline tallness if this engineering was no longer accessible to husbandmans. Monetary values of agencies imitative of soya beans ( repast with oil ) would every bit good be among 5 % and 9 % elevated, with rapeseed repast with oil monetary values being refering 4 % higher than baseline tallness. Globe monetary values of affiliated cereals plus oil-rich seeds would excessively be likely to be elevated by 3 % to 4 % . ( All figures A ; facts from-Brookes, Graham ; Yu, Tun Hsian ; Tokgoz, Simla, Elobeid, Aman The Production and Price Impact of Biotech Corn, Canola, and Soybean Crop Agbioforum Contents of volume 13, figure 1 ) Canada ‘s canola concerns add up over $ 11 billion in economic action to the Canadian wealth. In the 5crop old ages initial in 2000-2001, Canada shaped a criterion of 6.2 million dozenss of canola seed /year. In the similar period, Canada annually exported 3.4 million dozenss of canola seeds, 706,000 dozenss of canola oil plus 1.15 million dozenss of canola nutrient. The whole worth of canola seed, oil with repast exports is sing $ 2 billion. Depending lying on the twelvemonth, canola is furthermore Canada ‘s first or else 2nd chiefly cherished grassland harvest. Further than 52,000 Canadian husbandmans produce canola ; produce economic motion of $ 1.4 billion in Ontario with Quebec, plus $ 7.5 billion in western Canada. Canola is every bit good adult in the north cardinal plus southeasterly United States. Canola-based bio Diesel concerns within Canada base for the opportunity to bring forth $ 620 million in capital investing in this state plus infix an excess $ 2.4 billion keen on the economic system per annum. FIGURE 2 ( SOURCE-IMAGE-www.canolainfo.org ) Main canola-based bio Diesel provider: Blue Sun Bio Diesel Canadian Bio energy Corporation Milligan Bio-Tech Inc Bio Fuel Canada Limited During December 2006 the cardinal authorities proclaim clasp of a countrywide renewable fuel program mission for a 5 % renewable fuel norm in every Canadian fuel, every bit good as a 2 % permission for renewable within Diesel through 2012.Canada ‘s canola agriculturists are complete to construct a Canadian biodiesel concern occur now. More than the past 40 old ages they have construct the canola industry get downing the place up to a $ 14 billion-a-year concern in Canada, plus international clients are by now looking for Canadian canola as an attractive feedstock GM CROPS In twelvemonth 2004, the united States have refering 9 times the figure of hectares of GM harvests than Canada. This is perchance non amazing, because the United States has well excess farming area than Canada. Though, it is value observing to because 1997, Canada have improved the figure of square hectares faithful to GM harvests through sing four epoch contrast to United States, which has full-grown its devoted part through refering six times. Canada is at rest tierce in the Earth in whole figure of hectares of GM harvests, following the United States plus Argentina. Chart 3 ( Source-Trefor Munn-Venn and Paul Mitchell, Biotechnology in Canada: A Technology Platform for Growth Report December 2005. ) Accessible statistics propose that Canada has the chiefly developed biofood-processing part, by the chief grosss ( $ 1.3 billion in 2003 ) , most figure of house ( 54 ) , highest investing in R A ; D ( $ 23 million in 2003 ) plus the chiefly employees ( 761 ) . This is individual country anyplace the excess higher statistics assortment ability of figures Canada differentiate Canada from the remainder of the Earth. It is clear that there is immense chance for biotechnology in agribusiness in the coming old ages. The acceptance of more GM harvests will heighten the increasing possible output brought approximately by the use of a immense country of new land, which could potentially make an excess 100 million hectares, fuelled by the continued demand from strong domestic and international markets, peculiarly from China. In order for the immense potency for biotechnology in agribusiness to be realized in Canada certain barriers must be overcome one such issue is whether the acceptance of GM harvests is more economical to the smaller scale manufacturer, every bit good as to big GM harvest bring forthing corporations. It is clear that there is immense chance for biotechnology in agribusiness in the coming old ages. The acceptance of more GM harvests will heighten the increasing possible output brought approximately by the use of a immense country of new land, which could potentially make an excess 100 million hectares, fuelled by the continued demand from strong domestic and international markets, peculiarly from China, who confirmed soybean importing for five old ages from 2008, deserving 25 % of the US $ 1.7 billion worth of entire exports to China each twelvemonth [ James, 2008 ] . Canada histories for further than half of universe trade in canola seed, repast, with oil. Canadian manufacturers continue to spread out canola country and production. Demand scenario expression strong due to developing usage of vegetable oils in China and India with canola-oil-based biodiesel usage in the EU. The Canadian suppression industry is increasing fast to keep increased insist for canola oil. In the following 2 old ages, farther than 1.5 million metric dozenss of canola oppressing capacity is predictable to be develop in the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Several of the increased canola oil could be used to bring forth biodiesel. Canada controls the universe canola export trade, with a market portion of 71 per cent in the three old ages to 2005-06. Although GM assortments comprise 79 per cent of Canada ‘s canola production, virtually all of the state ‘s export canola is considered to be GM because there is no segregation of GM and non-GM harvests. This did non halt its exports making record degrees in 2006. Biobased economic system Canada ‘s biobased economic system with its chief constituents ( Figure 4 ) , one sees a mix of all four biobased economic system major sub- sectors. Lead through the wellness, medical specialty, with pharmaceutical subdivision, it is followed through agribusiness and harvest production. Canada ‘s crop-production division GDP is about $ 14.7 billion, by 17.3 million estates of genetically modified harvests out of 74.6 million entire estates of chief cropland. Canadian husbandmans, manufacturers, with clients are on mean therefore in a superior place to reap the returns linked with the credence of following coevals industrial biotech procedures, including biofuels along with biorefining procedures. The utilize of GMOs is opening the door to industrial biotechnology addition in these developing economic systems, all through, for illustration, chance to make biofuel feedstock ‘s and to use in biorefining, with production of higher-yield besides higher-value harvests. BIOFUEL Canada look like the US in its market-oriented economic system, sample of production, and affluent life criterions. Development of the fabrication, excavation, and service sectors has changed the state from a chiefly rural economic system into an industrial, metropolitan economic system. Canada ‘s GDP in 2006 was about $ 1.18 trillion ( a‚ ¬0.8 trillion ) . Canada is a state wealthy in fossil fuel resources. In 2000, 39 % of Canada ‘s chief energy was from crude oil, 28 % from natural gas besides 13 % from coal. 11 % was by renewable hydropower, and merely 6 % from renewable biomass. Forecast for the following twosome of decennaries are for a biomass portion of 6-9 % . As given in Fig 5, 28 % of bring forthing ability from renewable resources by biomass. Bioenergy production semen from a wide scope of beginnings: common heat and power, gasification, pyrolysis, landfill gas, ethyl alcohol from grain besides cellulose. Biomass Resources Woody Biomass Forest biomass may be by and large divided into 2 group ; mill residue plus forest residue tops, subdivisions and foliages from crop with thinning operations that are left in the wood or at wayside after delimbing. In Ontario, a bark boiler undertaking at the Abitibi-Bowater mush A ; paper factory in Ft. Frances is presently below building. It plans to devour about 230,000 ODt of factory residues. Agricultural Residues Farmlands occupy 67.5 M hour angle ( million hectares ) in Canada, approximately 6.7 % of the whole land base. Crops are grown-up on 36.4 M hour angle, or 54 % of farming area. Agricultural activity produces 1000000s of metric tons of biomass annually, which may be classified as: virgin biomass- grown for energy, besides waste biomass- residuary fraction of primary crop, and farm animal wastes. . Residues recoverable and sustainably removable were predictable at 29.3 Odt yearly, though some of this goes to conventional utilizations such as carnal bedclothes and mulching. Ethanol Feedstock In Canada 70 % of ethyl alcohol is complete by maize in Eastern Canada, with 30 % is by from wheat in Western Canada. Ontario is the major corn-producing part in Canada, and soon 60 % of Canadian ethanol industry is in Ontario. . An expected 8.4 million metric tons of maize were usage for nutrient and 635,000 metric tons were used for ethyl alcohol. To piece the feedstock supply necessary through the ethyl alcohol workss working in 2009, 2.9 million metric tons maize may be desired. Biodiesel Feedstock A 2 % federal biodiesel mandate may change the feedstock attitude for biodiesel. In 2007 feedstocks for biodiesel constitutional 35 million liters of carnal fats with 18 million liters of imported thenar oil. Plentiful canola and soya beans may be used, but these harvests are priced as nutrient oils in planetary markets and bear a high monetary value. Canola is in high bid as healthy oil through the nutrient industry. Rendered oils, rendered carnal fats and palm oil are monetary value as provender and fabrication usage and bear a lower monetary value. Industry beginnings have expected that the 250 million liters of biodiesel require by the mandate in 2012 may be manufactured from family animate being fats, and 250 million liters by imported thenar oil, separating canola and soya bean oil for nutrient. 2004 Canada had 78.9 GW of ability from renewable beginning. 67 % was from conventional hydro, 23 % was from small- impact ( little ) hydro, and 9.4 % was from biomass. Of biomass capacity, approximately 26 % ( 1938 MW ) was electrical and 76 % ( 5454 MW ) was thermic. The industry of a whole of 2.25 billion liters of renewable fuels annually. A net annual economic net income of $ 1.473 billion to the Canadian economic system crossways Canada, numbering $ 14.1 million to municipal authoritiess, $ 108.8 million to regional authoritiess, and $ 111.8 million to the cardinal authorities. An predictable annual benefit of $ 540 million in excess oil exports that are likely as of western Canada biofuels manufacture.The ethyl alcohol and biodiesel industry inside Canada produce about $ 2.2 billion a twelvemonth. The workss produced 14,000 occupations, and every the workss may keep about 1,000 stable occupations. Health With a 9 % annual growing rate, Canada is the 3rd highest lifting market in the universe for pharmaceuticals. The sector net income from Canada ‘s booming biotechnology industry that gives fuels to pharmaceutical companies ‘ growing. Include to these advantages well-educated employees with really trained scientists and technicians, every bit good as business-friendly direction policies, and it ‘s non amazing that about every chief pharmaceutical company has developed and/or R A ; D operation in Canada. latest Investing within CANADA Charles River Laboratories International, of Massachusetts, may open a presymptomatic services service in Quebec in 2009, which is eventually likely to use 1,000 people. Sanofi Pasteur spended $ 100 million in a fresh R A ; D ability in Ontario in 2008. GlaxoSmithKline invested excess than $ 178 million in Canadian R A ; D in 2007 entirely. Sandoz, a divider of the Novartis Group, open a fabrication works in Quebec in 2008, division of its $ 80 million investing publicize in 2007. Boehringer Ingelheim finished a $ 36 million investing in novel, advanced research labs in Quebec during 2008. Canada plays a chief function in the world-wide biopharmaceutical industry, with specific power in research and development ( R A ; D ) , clinical tests with fabrication. All of the acme 10 international pharmaceutical companies, in conditions of grosss, have operations in Canada, legion with R A ; D and fabricating mandate. In 2007, world-wide biopharmaceutical gross revenues amounted to US $ 663.5 billion. That similar twelvemonth, the Canadian biopharmaceuticals sector witnessed gross revenues of $ 17.6 billion and exports of about $ 6.3 billion. About 80 per centum of these exports were control to the U.S. market. In 2007, Canada was domicile to 397 pharmaceutical with 404-biotechnology organisation, using about 29,000 people crossways the state. Canada has the 2nd top figure of biotechnology companies in the Earth and is home to several of the largest recognized bunchs in the pharmaceutical industry. Authorized counts of constitutions classified as pharmaceutical industrialized. Below chart explain Toronto and Montreal compare healthy to Jersey City, New Jersey, one of the chiefly celebrated pharmaceutical industry base inside North America. Chapter Decision Biotechnology has been described as a Canadian chief concern in visible radiation of its acknowledgment for possible to drive sustainable growing. This is chiefly due to its immense influence on the ways in which natural resources may be exploited and the properties on the environment. The sheer wealth of different natural resources at Canadians remotion may surely drive its growing for old ages to come provided that such resources are used responsibly. Biotechnology might hold a immense influence on the health care sector throughout the usage of biodiversity form the chief Canadian rain forest as a natural resource. This mostly unknown resource might supply tremendous benefits for the wellness industry and economic system of Canadian for old ages to come ought to it be found to include new drug campaigners between its tremendous biodiversity. Net income of biotechnology in the agribusiness industry are antecedently being seen and may keep to cultivate as Canada extra exploits its immense land country, lifting its exports of chief harvests such as canola, turning GDP, whilst supplying farther nutrient besides generate more occupations for many biotechnology alumnuss. The utilize of biotechnology in the Biofuel/biodiesel industry together generates a renewable, sensible beginning of energy, whilst cut downing the influence on the environment signifier the combustion of fossil fuels. Even as the feeling on the usage of natural resources itself is profound, this industry besides has immense economical deduction for Canada, which has traditionally relied on imports for the size of its energy demands, plus hence progress energy security. Further industries such as biomining may besides play a function in the development of Canada in the upcoming by heightening the ability to work the valuable metals present at that place. Canada seems to be a typical illustration of how the development of natural resources utilizing biotechnology can be used to significantly drive the growing and development of the state, and it may merely be a affair of clip before Canada is considered developed, sing the renewable resources at its disposal, and the procedures in topographic point to work them. The economic influence of Canadian renewable fuel workss, with the effects is incontestable ; ethyl alcohol and biodiesel in Canada are driving growing. Canada ‘s latest renewable fuel criterion is presenting on its assure of occupations, investing plus growing. How to cite Biotechnology Opportunities In Canada Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Michael Jordan Leadership Paper free essay sample

When sitting down and thinking about a leader that I wanted to write about, and eventually stand up in front of people and talk about was a lot harder of a thing to do than I originally thought. There are so many different types of leaders that people follow and are drawn to, for so many different reasons. Whether those reasons follow a certain beliefs like that of cults and religions, or if they simply follow leaders because they were just born with all of the necessary skills and attributes that helps them relate to people, everyone follows a certain type of leader because of their own personal reasons. This leads me to why I chose my leader to talk about in this paper. Michael Jordan to me is one of favorite leaders, not only because of the fact that he was the best basketball player to ever play the sport, having earned six world championships with the Chicago Bulls and earning many records during his time playing, but because of how charismatic he was on and off the court. Michael Jordan’s leadership qualities come from more than the skills he displayed on the court, he is a natural born leader, charismatic, has great character and has accomplished more than most. Michael Jordan was born on February 17th, 1963 in Brooklyn New York to his mother Doris and his father James. As a young child Michael Jordan moved to North Carolina, where they lived out in the country, almost completely isolated from the rest of the world. This is why Jordan’s dad put up two basketball hoops in the back yard and this is where Michael could always be found. He didn’t care that the court he was playing on was dirt, or what started off as grass. Michael spent so much time playing basketball there that almost all of the grass was gone in two weeks. Michael played against his older brothers all the time who were bigger, faster and stronger, but no matter how bad they beat him, Michael never showed any sign of disappointment. This actually is what drove him to practice harder and much longer than they did, he knew he had to in order to be able to beat them eventually even though they were older. It wasn’t until his junior year of high school that Jordan finally won a game against his older brothers. But even still, only standing at 5’11 as a sophomore Michael Jordan did not make  varsity and had to play on the junior varsity team. This drove him to work even harder because he was fully confident that he could play with the older kids. Every single day after his normal basketball practice, Michael would go home and worked on his game even more, day in and day out. This drive and determination helped him get on the varsity team the next two years. He went on to average 25 points a game his junior and senior year at Laney High School in North Carolina. Michael’s senior year he received the nomination to play in the McDonalds All American Team. Also during his senior season Michael was offered a full ride scholarship by North Carolinas coach Dean Smith to play for the Tar Heels. With Jordan having such a competitive edge, motivation, charisma, and drive he was able to become the most important player on their team, and a strong leader for the players around him. During his time at North Carolina, Michael Jordan led his team to victory in the NCAA Division 1 championship in 1982, when he scored a buzzer beater against Georgetown University to win. Michael Jordan was also recognized as NCAA College Player of the Year in 1983 and again in 1984. Jordan also made his way to his first appearance at the Olympics as a member of the men’s U.S. Olympic basketball team. Jordan was able to help the team win the gold medal and again in the 1993 Olympic Games. After his junior year of college, Jordan was drafted by the NBA. In his first season he averaged 28.2 points and helped his team make it to the playoffs that year also. Because of the amount of effort Jordan put in his rookie season, he was elected as he NBA rookie of the rear and was also selected to play in the all-star game that year. From there, Jordan won 6 championships, was elected the MVP 6 different years, and made the Bulls team a force to be reckoned with. Most people when they hear Michael Jordan’s name they automatically think of him as the best basketball player that ever lived that could jump out of the gym. This all may be true but Michael Jordan understood what team concepts are, had an extreme amount of drive, and he showed a lot of passion. Michael Jordan’s leadership, ability, motivation, and sheer determination gave him the ability to rise to every situation. Michael could have averaged 40 points a game simply because he was the best player on the court  but that was not what he wanted to do. Michael was committed to establishing team goals, and doing everything he possibly could to make his teammates better. Michael Jordan also displayed enthusiasm even during the worst parts of his career, which brought a positive energy to everyone around him. I believe that this is his strongest quality as a leader because he used his energy to rally everyone around him, and make them believe that they can do whatever they want to. Michael Jordan always focused on turning his weaknesses into strengths, which made him a better player and a better leader not only for his team, but for fans and everyone around him. He displayed himself as a perfect role model for a leader because of this. Jordan thrived off of things he couldn’t do, and it only made him want it more or work harder and to be a leader and role model for everyone around him, even if they didn’t play basketball. Michael Jordan understood the importance of teamwork and used a directive leadership style to help bring out the best in his teammates. This is because he was the best, and everyone knew that which made them want to follow him because they believed in him, but he was not narcissistic about his power as a leader and never let that get to his head. As a leader, he understood the importance of teamwork and always put the best interests of the team before his own. Jordan also displayed much of his transformational leadership charisma with his work ethic. He was known for always giving his best on and off the court. He wanted to represent himself as a role model for people around him to help others thrive off of his hard work ethic and make them better. Michael Jordan also carried himself with such a high demeanor on and off the basketball court which helped him become a good leader. Michael Jordan never boasted about being the best or all of his accomplishments, but instead he lead everyone by example. Michael Jordan also displayed a tremendous amount of enthusiasm which helped his teammates like him more, and be more attracted and wanting to be like him. The last thing that Michael Jordan displayed that makes him stand out as a leader was due to the fact that he has humility. Michael Jordan’s coach, Phil Jackson said â€Å"After Michael Retires, I only hope that the young player will be influence by Michael’s demeanor and by his sense of unselfish competitiveness. More than his championships rings, I hope this will be  Michaels Legacy.† (Phil Jackson) Although many people still wouldn’t consider Michael Jordan as a true leader, but for someone like me who played college basketball and wanted to get to the top like him, he was a great leader. Jordan has not been playing in the league for many years now, and everyone knows who he is, and almost everyone has owned a pair of Jordan shoes in their life. Michael Jordan was a leader because he never gave up, directed those around him, led by example, showed a great demeanor and work ethic, and he understood the roles and talents that he had and was humbled by all of the opportunities he was given. He was supportive of everyone around them, and wanted everyone to succeed, and to me, that is a perfect representation of what a true leader is.

17th Century Timeline, 1600 Through 1699

17th Century Timeline, 1600 Through 1699 Major changes in the fields of philosophy and science took place  during the 17th century. Prior to the beginning of the 1600s, scientific study  and scientists in the field were not truly recognized. In fact, important figures and pioneers such as the 17th-century physicist  Isaac Newton were initially called natural philosophers because there was no such thing as the word scientist throughout most of the 17th century. But it was during this period that the emergence of newly-invented machines became part of the daily and economic lives of many people. While people studied and relied upon the more or less unproven principles of  medieval alchemy, it was during the 17th century that a transition to the science of chemistry took place. Another important development during this time was the evolution  from astrology to astronomy.   So by the end of the 17th century, the scientific revolution had taken hold and this new field of study had established itself as the leading society-shaping force that encompassed mathematical, mechanical, and  empirical bodies of knowledge. Notable scientists of this  era include the astronomer  Galileo Galilei, philosopher Renà © Descartes, inventor and mathematician  Blaise Pascal,  and  Isaac Newton. Here is a brief  historical list of the greatest technology, science, and invention hits of the 17th century. 1608 German-Dutch spectacle-maker Hans Lippershey invents the first refracting telescope. 1620 Dutch builder Cornelis Drebbel invents the earliest human-powered submarine. 1624 English mathematician William Oughtred invents the  slide rule. 1625 French physician Jean-Baptiste Denys invents a method for blood transfusion. 1629 Italian engineer and architect Giovanni Branca invents a steam turbine. 1636 English astronomer and mathematician W. Gascoigne invents the micrometer. 1642 French mathematician  Blaise Pascal invents the adding machine. 1643 Italian mathematician and physicist Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer. 1650 Scientist and inventor  Otto von Guericke invents an air pump. 1656 Dutch mathematician and scientist  Christian Huygens  invents a pendulum clock. 1660 Cuckoo clocks were made in Furtwangen, Germany, in the Black Forest region. 1663 Mathematician and astronomer James Gregory invents the first reflecting telescope. 1668 Mathematician and physicist  Isaac Newton  invents a reflecting telescope. 1670 The first reference to a  candy cane  is made. French Benedictine monk Dom Pà ©rignon invents  Champagne. 1671 German mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents the calculating machine. 1674 Dutch Microbiologist  Anton Van Leeuwenhoek  was the first to see and describe bacteria with a microscope. 1675 Dutch mathematician, astronomer, and  physicist  Christian Huygens  patents the pocket watch. 1676 English architect and  natural philosopher  Robert Hooke  invents the universal joint. 1679 French physicist, mathematician, and inventor Denis Papin ​invents the pressure cooker. 1698 English inventor and engineer  Thomas Savery  invents a steam pump.

Octopus way of winning essays

Octopus way of winning essays Mondex, backed by the largest bank HSBC in Hong Kong, is a cash-based smart card which also targeting the small payment market in Hong Kong. Mondex was launched at almost the same time as Octopus, and they are direct competitors with each others. Unlike Octopus, Mondex has a very low penetration rate after its first launch and totally disappeared in 2001 in Hong Kong. (Teams, please verify this data) Octopus and Mondex are launched almost at the same time and both are backed by big players in Hong Kong, why Octopus is so success now while Mondex totally failed? This could be explained by the positive feedback of network industries strong gets stronger and weak gets weaker; success begets more success, and failure breeds failure. Positive feedback provides increasing return to the network industries. The more customers a network gets, the more attractive that network becomes to other customers. That makes it easier for the network to attract another customer. That customer makes it even easier for the network to attract the next customer, and so on. Positive feedback is especially important on the merchant side of this payment card industry. As more consumers have a particular card brand and more merchants take that card brand, it becomes harder and harder for other merchants not to take that card brand. Merchants may risk losing sales if they dont take that card brand. Octopus adopted a revolution approach by controlled migration. With the retirement of common stored value ticket (CSVT), customers are forced to change to use Octopus. This helped Octopus to gain millions of card holders in just a few months and get into virtuous cycle easily. As more and more customers own Octopus, more and more other merchants willing to join the Octopus network. Unlike Octopus who started from the mass transportation and, Mondex started in other consumer markets with just on ...

Chapter2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter2 - Essay Example The name was later changed to Google. Over the years, the company has experienced immense growth. In March 1999, Google started the sale of advertisements through the use of search keywords. Google faced a lot of competition from other companies like Yahoo. Additionally, others accused it of infringements on their rights, but the disputes were solved in court. In 2001, Google got a patent for its PageRank mechanism. By 2003, Google had grown in such a way that the name Google was added to the English dictionary. By September 2013, Google had been operating 70 offices in more than 40 countries. In October 2014, Google was ranked as the second most valuable brand in the world valued at $107.4 billion. So far, the corporation has been estimated to run more than a million servers and data centers in the world and processes more than a billion requests. In 2013, Google was the most visited site according to various studies and statistics. According to me, Larry Page has been very successful. It is clear that he had formulated a goal in mind and worked towards that goal (Opentextbc.ca,. 2015). He must have been a hard worker even long before he started the company. The reason for saying this is because he studied hard that he got to the level of earning himself a Ph.D. Also, he did formulate a mission statement for his company so that it could act as the driving force. As Page would say, everything comes down to ambition. The triple bottom line is a framework of accounting that involves three parts: environmental, social and financial. The three divisions are sometimes referred to as the three Ps: people, planet, profit. Another name that is commonly used is the â€Å"three pillars of sustainability† (Opentextbc.ca,. 2015). The Coca-Cola Company is a well-known company that has a working triple bottom-line. The company has really tried to assist in the protection of our planet from destruction through

Research three diverse faiths and compare the philosophy of providing Paper

Three diverse faiths and compare the philosophy of providing healh care from the perspective of each of these three faiths with that of the Christian perspective and your own personal perspective - Research Paper Example The only shortcoming here is that globalization has nurtured an overall society that is closely knit; meaning that the people that are likely to visit the facilities are from diverse cultures. Religion reveals much about one’s culture in many ways, and this fact will be utilized in this case in a clinical setting. The intent of this paper is to shed light on three religion in the context of health care provision. To what extent do these specific faiths affect how health care is provided to the people, and are they a manifestation of all other faiths. The significance of the Buddhist faith is paramount in this case because of one key factor; the massive following. A very large portion of the population of people of the Asian continent are devote followers of this faith. The religion was initially restricted within the Asian continent, but globalization has meant that its spread is anticipated. Clinical practitioners are in such a case expected to consider the individual cases of the Buddhist patients they offer their services to in the best way possible. The views held by some faiths differ from those of other, and this is a consideration that the health care providers have to mull over. Although it may be stated that most religions are based on foundations of fear of mishaps such as draught, floods, and so forth; Buddhism is claimed by many to be based on suffering. Fear is linked to external forces that one has no influence towards and hence people seek the help of Supreme intervention. Suffering is more specific in that it expound on all forms of difficulties experienced throughout the life of an individual. The argument here is that reality is within each individual, and cannot be found if one turns away as insinuated by faiths based on fear (Hirakawa, 2007). The faith emphasizes on the empowerment of each individual in ways to make them know that they have control of what happens in their lives (Hirakawa, 2007). The aim is to make

Development of Diabetes Register

Development of Diabetes Register The national DEMS aims to support diabetic health professionals in providing real-time information when and where it is required. Electronic medical records (EMRs) are an important means of enhancing patient wellbeing through inaccuracy reduction and to enhance clinical care quality (Lester, Zai et al. 2008). EMRs have previously been effective in refining diabetes management and enhancing organizing of care among multi disciplinary teams (Lester, Zai et al. 2008). Accomplishing interoperability between EHRs and registries will be progressively more vital as the utilisation of registries and EHRs develops considerably (Gliklich and Dreyner 2010). The typical viewpoint regarding establishing a diabetes register is by assembling electronic patient files held by GPs medical centre’s of diabetic patients (Morris, Boyle et al. 1997). Another alternative is to gather patient records electronically from multi sources to a central source in order to achieve a more comprehensive register (Morris, Boyle et al. 1997). When setting up a diabetes register it should be carried out according to NICE guidelines which include: â€Å"Patients demographics adjustable risk factors medicine prescribed Attendance at practice or diabetes outpatient clinic† (OKelly, Foy et al. 2008). The set of accessible data sources is the most important factor in determining the capabilities of disease surveillance system. The purposed Irish diabetes register will utilise information from PCRS and NCSS data sources. PCRS contains information regarding prescribed drugs and medicines typically taken by diabetics such as statins (cholesterol lowering medications) this information is gotten from the General Medical Services Scheme. T2D patients can be identified by their need to use oral diabetes prescriptions such as oral anti-hyperglcaemic which can be taken on their own or with insulin (OShea, Teeling et al. 2013). The scheme affords entitled persons access to free health care as well as prescription medication (OShea, Teeling et al. 2013). The PCRS gathers the information on â€Å"dispensed prescribed medication† a monthly basis from the scheme, these medications† are coded using the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system† (OShea, Te eling et al. 2013). As well as checking these data sources, hospital diabetic clinics might contain patients not already on the national register. â€Å"Patients with medication treating T2D can be identified using the prescription of oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents alone or in combination with insulin as a proxy for disease diagnosis†. Diabetes register aids the identification and tracking of clinical outcome (Lester, Zai et al. 2008). The registry can be kept up-to-date in an automatic manner when run against laboratory results and GP practice EMR (Lester, Zai et al. 2008). The registry needs to up-to-date and not to contain stagnat data. Initially is it perceived that there will be two data sources: NCCS and PCRS. Hospital diabetes clinics – extracted to register Regarding the laboratory system, patient whose records contained information regarding glycated haemogloblin, plasma glucose, urinary microalbumin and serum creatinine were considered to be diabetes as well as oral glucose tolerance test confirming the diagnosis of diabetes or outpatient plasma glucose concentration of greater than 11.1 mmol/l (Morris, Boyle et al. 1997). All laboratory results applicable to diabetes care are available electronically; patients could be identified and included in the register. Registries typically gather information from various data sources, this is typically done by collecting information from various sources and linking the information across data sources, either with identifiers intended for linking or by recorded attributes of the patients to whom the information match up to (Gliklich and NA 2010). Most general method for record linkage typically depends on the presence of unique identifiers (Gliklich and Dreyner 2010). Once verified that the information is correct, it will be necessary to verify that the data can be uploaded correctly onto the Diabetes register. Look at hipe extract as an example Gathering of data from an assortment of data sources capitalizes on the available data on each diabetic patient and ensures comprehensiveness. The National Cancer Screening programme/ schemes provide data on . Data includes demographics, history of, treatment. This data is stored electronically on NCCS database whish a password protected designed database. The hospital system has a record of patients registered Duplicate patients records are avoided by the use of an report based on similar surnames, forenames and hospital numbers. Data of birth comparison. As data is collected from a number of sources it necessary to remove duplicate records. â€Å"Currently there is no unique number assigned to individuals accessing health and social care in Ireland which would enable the accurate identification of individuals†. â€Å"Therefore cases are cross-matched from the different data sources. A range of variables, including names, gender, county of residence, data of birth are used to match the data†. [dissertation Benefits realization information technology in a national surveillance system, Patient demographics download All systems to remain in sync. A patient enters a hospital is registered on the PIMS and that information is then sent to laboratory system. Healthlink server , the vendor provides the code handles how the file gets sent from nimis software suite The laboratory system requires an interface to PAS system to enable demographics and clinical information for common patients to be shared between the two systems. HL7 interface facilitates the transfer of demographic information between the PAS and laboratory systems. Information from PAS is extracted and formatted using iSoft Integration Engine. The laboratory system will communicate with the Integration Engine using HL7 messaging over TCP/IP sockets Patient information is entered or modified in PAS. The resultant transaction is recorded in PAS audit service. The audit service is continually monitored by iSoft Integration Engine which is configured to look for relevant transactions. For each transaction, the associated information is extracted from PAS and formed into the appropriate HL7 message for immediate onward transmission to laboratory system. The laboratory interface continually listens for HL7 messages from PAS. When a message is received it is analysed to check its purpose and check that the information is correct. If the patient number referenced in the message is unknown to laboratory system then the patient will be registered otherwise the patient details will be updated based on the contents of the message. Systolic blood pressure Diastolic blood pressure HbA1c Creatinine Microalbumin Patients attending Hospital diabetes clinics, Graphically representation on the main screen. Health care professionals perceive that there is not enough time in the day to carry out their workload. There needs to be effort made to ensure quick data review and efficient action (Lester, Zai et al. 2008). A graph will be generated to display on screen to demonstrate changes in weight and blood pressure to emphasize the importance of the data. The report function enables automatic printout of letters to GPs, episode details and annual review for filing in the patients case notes, referral letters to other specialities. Auditing All transactions within the system will be audited. This means that transactions will be recorded with a snapshot of the data and the user performing the action. The system needs an audit function to facilitate audit. Validation Data entry validation are used to minimize the risk of errors; duplication entries. Performance The system will be utilised on the National Health Network which will facilitate reliable and robust network on which the system to work on.